Smoking has a positive effect on symptoms in some bowel diseases, but a negative effect in others. It is now clear which compounds are responsible. This discovery is the key to new, smoke-free treatment approaches.

The optimal range for BMI has shifted upward. More important for target weight and overall health are alternative measures such as fat distribution or the waist-to-height ratio.

This breakthrough could open up new opportunities for preventing Alzheimer's, treating cancer, and improving overall health.